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which was placed on the culprit's neck

  • 1 furca

    furca, ae, f. [Sanscr. bhur-ig, shears; cf. Lat. forceps, forfex; also Gr. pharos, plough; Lat. forāre;

    Engl. bore,

    Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 299; but Corss. refers furca to root dhar-,=fero, as a prop. support; v. Ausspr. 1, 149], a two-pronged fork.
    I.
    Lit.:

    exacuunt alii vallos furcasque bicornes,

    Verg. G. 1, 264:

    valentes,

    id. ib. 2, 359:

    furcis detrudi,

    Liv. 28, 3, 7; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 2. —Prov.: naturam expellas furcā, tamen usque recurret, with might and main, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24 (v. furcilla).—
    II.
    Transf., of things shaped like a fork.
    A.
    A forkshaped prop, pole, or stake, for carrying burdens on the back or shoulder, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 2;

    for supporting the seats of a theatre,

    Liv. 1, 35, 9;

    for a vine,

    Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 32;

    for fishing-nets,

    id. 9, 8, 9, § 31;

    for the gable of a house,

    Ov. M. 8, 700; a frame on which meat was suspended in the chimney, id. ib. 8, 648.—
    B.
    An instrument of punishment in the form of a fork (V or II), which was placed on the culprit's neck, while his hands were fastened to the two ends, a yoke (cf.: crux, gabalus, patibulum; hence, furcifer): To. Satis sumpsimus jam supplici. Do. Fateor, manus vobis do. To. Post dabis sub furcis, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 71:

    canem et furcam ferre,

    id. Cas. 2, 6, 37:

    servus per circum, cum virgis caederetur, furcam ferens ductus est,

    Cic. Div. 1, 26, 55:

    servus sub furca caesus,

    Liv. 2, 36, 1 Drak.; Val. Max. 1, 7, 4; Lact. 2, 7, 20:

    sub furca vinctus inter verbera et cruciatus,

    Liv. 1, 26, 10:

    cervicem inserere furcae,

    Suet. Ner. 49; Eutr. 7, 5; Prud. steph. 10, 851.—Hence poet. to designate the worst condition of slavery:

    ibis sub furcam prudens,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 66.—
    C.
    A fork-shaped gallows:

    aliquem furcā figere,

    Dig. 48, 19, 28 fin.:

    furcae subicere,

    ib. 9:

    in furcam tollere,

    ib. 38:

    in furcam suspendere,

    ib. 13, 6:

    in furcam damnare,

    ib. 49, 16, 3:

    canes vivi in furca, sambucea arbore fixi,

    Plin. 29. 4, 14, § 57.—
    D.
    A fork-shaped yoke in which young bullocks were put to be tamed, Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 2.—
    E.
    Furcae cancrorum, the claws of a crab, App. Mag. p. 297. —
    F.
    Furcae Caudinae, the narrow pass of Caudium, the Caudine Forks, usually called Furculae Caudinae (v. furcula, II. and Caudium), Val. Max. 5, 1, 5 ext.; 7, 2, 17 ext.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > furca

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